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Linux File System Hierarchy

Understanding the Linux File System Hierarchy: A Complete Guide for Beginners When you first switch from Windows or macOS to Linux, the file structure can look like a confusing maze of short, cryptic folder names. Unlike Windows, which uses a "C: Drive" as the root, Linux follows a unified structure known as the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) . In these notes, we will break down exactly where every file lives in your Linux system, why the directory structure is built this way, and the essential commands you need to navigate it like a pro. What is the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)? The FHS is a set of guidelines that defines the main directories and their contents in Linux operating systems. Because of this standard, whether you are using Ubuntu, Fedora, Arch, or Kali Linux , the configuration files will almost always be in /etc and your user files will always be in /home . The Root Directory ( / ) Everything in Linux starts at the Root . It is represented by a sin...
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Privacy Policy for Worship Jesus

  Privacy Policy for Worship Jesus Effective Date: January 16, 2026 At Worship Jesus , we are committed to providing a transparent experience. This Privacy Policy describes how we handle information when you use our mobile application. 1. Information Collection and Use While we (the developers) do not personally collect or store your private data, our app uses third-party services that may collect information used to identify you. Lyrics & User Content: All lyrics are in the public domain. Any lyrics you add manually via the dialog box are stored locally on your device. We do not have access to, or control over, these lyrics. Third-Party SDKs: Our app integrates the following services which may collect data (such as IP addresses, Advertising IDs, and usage statistics) to provide ads and analytics: Google Play Services AdMob (for advertisements) Firebase Analytics (to understand app performance) For more information, please visit the Google Privacy & Terms . 2. Permiss...

How to Check all user logged in Linux server?

We are learning how to get all logged in user name in a Linux server you need administrative privileges to execute commands cover here.    There are many ways to list logged in user on a Linux machine. Here I am covering my three favourite  method for this purpose. All this command run with any fedora based system like Red Head Linux , Centos, Rocky Linux, Amla linux etc. 1. lastlog : you can use list command to know all login user. this command uses file available in /var/log/lastlog. This command read data from the mentioned file and present in a human readable from     You can use grep command to filter output and show only currently logged in user by following command. lastlog | grep -v 'Never' In this example we use grep -v switch to exclude all line containing Never. This way we find all currently logged in user. 2. W command : This is more preferable way to get all logged in user, it uses file mentioned on lastlog command and file situated on /proc...

Generate Multi Domain SSL Certificate by useing cert bot tool from Let's Encrypt.

 We are using cert bot tool to generate / create multi domain certificate from Let's Encrypt CA. we are using following command  create CSR config file to generate CSR: Example of csr file is: default_bits            = 2048  # RSA key size encrypt_key             = no  # Protect private key default_md              = sha256  # MD to use utf8                    = yes  # Input is UTF-8 string_mask             = utf8only  # Emit UTF-8 strings prompt                  = no  # Prompt for DN distinguished_name      = s...

Difference between static web page and dynamic web page.

  T he difference between static and dynamic web pages is an important concept to understand for anyone interested in web development or online content creation. In simple terms, a static web page is a page that is pre-built and sent to the user as-is, while a dynamic web page is one that is built on-the-fly in response to user requests. In this article, we'll explore the differences between these two types of web pages in more detail, including their features, advantages, and disadvantages. Static Web Pages A static web page is a pre-built HTML file that is sent to the user's browser when they request a particular URL. These pages are built using HTML, CSS, and other web technologies, and they typically contain fixed content that does not change over time. Static pages are simple, fast, and easy to create, making them a popular choice for small websites and blogs that do not require a lot of interactivity. Features of Static Web Pages Static web pages have several...

What is web page?

          A web page is a digital document or resource that is part of the World Wide Web (WWW) and can be accessed through a web browser. It is a collection of electronic files that can contain text, images, videos, hyperlinks, and other multimedia content. Web pages are created using a markup language such as HTML, which defines the structure and content of the page. This markup language is then interpreted by web browsers to display the page to the user. Web pages can be created by individuals, businesses, organizations, or governments, and can be accessed by anyone with an internet connection. They can be hosted on web servers, which are computers that store and deliver web pages to users on demand. Web pages can serve a variety of purposes, including providing information, promoting products or services, facilitating communication and collaboration, and entertaining users. In this article, we will explore the different aspects of web pa...

Pros and Cons: Hosting website in Home.

 Hosting a website on a home computer can have its advantages and disadvantages. In this answer, we will discuss the potential pros and cons of hosting a website on a home. Pros of Hosting a Website on a Home Computer   Cost-Effective: One of the primary advantages of hosting a website on a home computer is the cost savings. Professional web hosting services can be expensive, especially if you are running a resource-intensive website. Hosting your website on a home computer can save you money on hosting fees, as well as additional costs associated with purchasing a domain name and other services. Complete Control: When you host a website on your own computer, you have complete control over the server environment. This means that you can customize the server configuration to meet the specific needs of your website. You can also install any software or applications that you require, which may not be available on a shared hosting environment. Flexibility: Hosting a website on ...